Impact on the Kenyan Shilling (KES)
Earlier today, lawmakers in Kenya passed the bill increasing taxes, which now awaits President William Ruto’s assent. The planned tax increases aim to generate an additional $2.3 billion in revenue in the upcoming fiscal year. Ruto intends to reduce the budget deficit from 5.7% of GDP in the current financial year to 3.3% of GDP in the next, as part of efforts to improve Kenya’s fiscal position and comply with an IMF program that requires Nairobi to increase revenue.
The recent youth-led protests against the Kenyan government’s proposed tax increases have had a notable impact on the Kenyan shilling (KES), which has depreciated against the US Dollar. The Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) previously reported that the shilling had appreciated against the Dollar more than almost any other currency in 2024. However, following the news of police and protester violence, the shilling slipped from trading at approximately $0.0077 to the Dollar.
Background on the Finance Bill
A finance bill is typically presented to parliament before the start of the financial year, which runs from July to June, outlining the government’s fiscal plans. In the 2024/25 bill, the Kenyan government aims to raise $2.7 billion in additional taxes to reduce the budget deficit and state borrowing. Kenya’s public debt currently stands at 68% of GDP, surpassing the 55% of GDP recommended by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
Facing severe liquidity challenges and uncertainty about its ability to access capital from financial markets, Kenya has turned to the IMF, which has urged the government to meet revenue targets to secure further funding.
Protesters are demanding the government abandon the planned tax hikes, arguing that they will stifle the economy and increase the cost of living for Kenyans already struggling financially. This resistance is not unprecedented; last year, the government of President William Ruto, elected in 2022 on a promise to improve the lives of the poor, introduced a housing tax and raised the top personal income tax rate through the finance bill, triggering anger, street protests, and legal challenges.
Proposed Tax Measures
The proposed tax measures causing unrest include new levies on basic commodities such as bread, vegetable oil, and sugar, and a new motor vehicle circulation tax of 2.5% of a car’s value to be paid annually. An “eco levy” on most manufactured goods, including sanitary towels and diapers, is also proposed. Additionally, the bill seeks to increase existing taxes on financial transactions. The government argues that these tax measures are necessary to fund development programs and reduce public debt.
The government had earlier withdrawn several of the most controversial measures, such as a tax on bread and cooking oil, but this did not assuage people’s anger. The finance ministry has stated that these concessions would create a 200 billion Kenyan shilling ($1.56 billion) shortfall in the 2024/25 budget, necessitating spending cuts. Despite these concessions, protesters and opposition parties argue they are insufficient and call for the entire bill to be abandoned.
The Protests
President Ruto has acknowledged the youth-led protests and pledged to engage in dialogue to address their concerns, though the timing of such discussions remains unclear. It is also uncertain whether the protests will intensify if parliament passes the bill. The social media-driven protests lack clear leadership, but many young people have vowed to continue demonstrating. Some protesters cite the arrest of at least two activists since Ruto’s offer of talks as evidence of the government’s lack of goodwill.
The government claims that the withdrawal of some tax proposals demonstrates its willingness to compromise. Nevertheless, police have attempted to disperse predominantly young protesters chanting “Ruto must go!” amidst growing anger over the government’s plan to raise more than $2 billion in new taxes to address the country’s substantial budget deficit.
The demonstrations began a week ago in Nairobi and have since spread to other cities in the country of 54 million people. They are led mostly by young Kenyans, many of whom organized via social media and livestreamed demonstrations on TikTok, Instagram, and other platforms. The protesters are demanding that the government of Kenyan President William Ruto withdraw the bill that would introduce major tax increases, arguing that the measures are hurting ordinary Kenyans already grappling with rising prices for everyday essentials.
The human rights commission has reported that security forces have “abducted” prominent critics of the tax proposals, seizing many from their homes under cover of darkness. Treasury Secretary Njuguna Ndung’u has warned that failing to implement the tax increases could create a $1.5 billion hole in the budget. The government has indicated it would be forced to cut spending, including slashing support for a school food program and the loss-making flag carrier Kenya Airways if the bill fails.
Following initial protests last Tuesday, when the bill was tabled in parliament for debate, the government promised to withdraw planned taxes on bread, cooking oil, locally made diapers, and other products. However, by Thursday, the protests had spread to almost half of Kenya’s 47 counties. Protesters are calling for a “total shutdown” of the country and demanding that Ruto completely drop the finance bill.
Interest payments on Kenya’s debt consume nearly 38% of revenues, according to the World Bank. In January, the IMF provided Kenya with an additional $941 million loan as part of a $3.9 billion bailout that began in 2021.
Multilateral lenders are willing to continue extending credit to Kenya, provided it maintains fiscal consolidation and increases revenue collection.
What comes next?
With the bill now approved, the president has the option to either enact it within 14 days or return it to parliament with suggested amendments. The government might also consider alternative strategies to alleviate tensions, such as postponing the bill, though this is improbable.
Click here to access our Economic Calendar
Andria Pichidi
Market Analyst
Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in Leveraged Products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
